Guest post: Translation terminology

Welcome back to our guest post series! I hope you are all having a good week so far.

How about taking that nice coffee/tea/juice/lunch break and read today’s guest post? Our guest today is Raphaël Toussaint.

Welcome, Raphaël!

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Glossaries and terminology for freelance translators

Although I am quite confident that most if not all readers know what terminology is, here once again a quick and simplified definition:

Terminology is the vocabulary used in a specific domain, field or industry.

For most translators this means all the terms in their field(s) of specialisation which have a particular meaning in the concerned domain, as opposed to their general meaning (if both a generic and one or several uses exist).

It is however important to make a distinction between the different uses for terminology:

  • Academic
    From an academic or research point of view, terminology work is often descriptive and attempts to be exhaustive (including detailed categorisation of terms); the idea is to draw a complete picture of the terminology in a specific domain.
  • Corporate
    Terminology management in corporate environments tends to be prescriptive, i.e. a company uses terminology to specify which terms are to be used to convey a consistent brand image and which terms are forbidden in their content.
  • Translation
    In the context of translation and localisation, terminology and its management tend to be closer to the corporate than the academic approach. This is linked to the fact that content to be translated often comes from companies. It is also interesting to note that terminology in this context is bi- or multilingual and that the quality of the source terminology can have a huge influence on the effort needed to produce high-quality translations.

Translators often receive termbases from translation agencies (and sometimes also from direct clients) the content of which has to be used during translation or revision. In a best case scenario, such a termbase is consistent within itself and with any related translation memories and exhaustive as far as the content to be translated is concerned. In real world projects, this doesn’t occur very often and freelance translators have different ways how to react:

  • Be annoyed and unhappy about the provided material and the fact that it will take more effort and time to provide a good translation (and additionally they loudly complain about it on social media – Lloyd has provided really useful info about that in the guest post Professionalism in the age of social media)
    This approach obviously doesn’t help anybody because translators will need to invest additional time for each project for said client and will become more and more frustrated. The client doesn’t become aware of problems with their termbase and cannot improve the situation.
  • Add new terms to a personal glossary but don’t bother to inform the client
    This way, translators can at least keep consistency among new terms but it helps remedying existing inconsistencies or other quality issues since the client isn’t aware of them.
  • Use existing termbase but offer suggestions for improving the termbase or adding new terms
    Depending on the relation with the client or agency, translators can either just make suggestions while working with the existing terminology or they might have the freedom to implement improvements directly in the ongoing project.

Many freelance translators keep personal glossaries and this is a commendable and useful practice. A few things can make such a habit even more efficient:

  • It is preferable to keep distinct glossaries according to domains over having client-based glossaries. If you work in only one domain, a client-based approach makes more sense. In case you decide to keep only a single glossary, make sure to use attributes to be able to distinguish between domains and/or clients.
  • Choose the format of your glossaries wisely.
    • Paper will be the least efficient or reusable form, but it can be helpful and quick to jot down something on a sheet of paper, as long as you input it properly in the glossary later on.
    • Word documents are still quite popular, but it is difficult to categorize and sort terms in this format.
    • The most used format seems to be spreadsheets and they indeed offer a certain flexibility when it comes to organising terms. The biggest disadvantage is that you still have to manually search and copy/paste a target term you want to use while translating. The same goes for entering new terms to your glossary. But rest assured, there are ways to handle these issues.
    • Most CAT tools provide ways to look up and add terms directly from the translation interface. This is the most productive way of using and growing your glossaries. If you work with different CAT tools, compatibility however can be an issue, but more on a possible solution later on.
    • Stand-alone terminology tools are obviously well suited to look up, manage and grow glossaries and termbases but not every translator will want to invest in a license (however useful in general this might be). Additionally not only each tool will play nicely with all the CAT tools out there, but if it can export termbase or glossary contents in an exchange format like .tbx or .xml, things aren’t too complicated.
  • Even if you don’t intend to make your glossaries fully fledged termbases, it can be useful to stick to some basic terminology management rules like using base forms (unless a specific form regularly occurs in the contents you translate), be consistent among terms and adding a definition and/or a context sentence to make sure the meaning and usage of an entry is clear, even if you don’t use a glossary for several weeks or months.

In case you prefer to work with spreadsheets or your CAT tool doesn’t allow using or updating glossaries, there are still ways of making glossaries more efficient. For SDL Trados Studio users, there is a one stop solution in form of a free OpenExchange application called “Glossary Converter” which lets you convert spreadsheets into various formats like .tbx, .sdltb or .tmx. The brilliant Jayne Fox and Paul Filkin have provided articles on how to use this app:

http://foxdocs.biz/BetweenTranslations/the-quick-way-to-convert-glossaries-and-termbases-between-excel-and-multiterm/
http://multifarious.filkin.com/2012/09/17/glossaries-made-easy/

Thank you, Raphaël, for accepting my invitation and kindly taking the time to write about such an useful topic for us, translators! 🙂

How do you handle your glossaries?

About the author

After several years as a technical translator, Raphaël Toussaint has become a certified terminology manager and expert for tools and solutions linked to translation needs at ITP nv. Always interested in the technical aspects of the translation and localisation industry, he actively uses social media to grow his knowledge and share his expertise.
Between finding unusual solutions to challenges in translation project workflows and training colleagues in the use of various TEnTs (Translation Environment Tools), Raphaël also attends international professional events and is involved in local meetups and workshops in Brussels where he lives and works.
You can find Raphaël amongst others on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Guest post: Professionalism in the age of social media

Welcome back to our guest series, dear readers! I hope all of you are doing great and at full speed with whatever you are doing. 🙂 But how about taking a coffee/tea/juice/lunch break to read this awesome post by today’s guest, Lloyd Bingham? I assure you it will be worth it.

Welcome, Lloyd!

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Professionalism in the Translation Industry

We need to talk about online professionalism

Professionalism is a word we hear a lot as translators. As an unregulated industry, we naturally need to set, maintain and enforce our own standards, so that we’re taken seriously by our clients and the wider world. Professionalism is not a new idea by any means, but there is a relatively new dimension to it that we have talked very little about: the effect that social media is having. Yet, as a new phenomenon that is damaging our industry’s reputation, we do need to talk about it.

Professionalism is a subjective word. Typically, though, many would associate this concept with politeness, empathy and fundamentally not insulting other industry members. These attributes should be inherent of any person who runs their own business, not just translators. Just imagine if we as freelance translators had to be interviewed for the job like any other – no-one would hire us if we lacked these qualities, and quite rightly so.

While freelancers naturally find it harder to draw the line between our personal and professional lives, our presence on social media exacerbates this. We have professional profiles on social media, but we often become close to our colleagues and accept them as friends on Facebook. This amity is incredibly admirable and I wouldn’t change this principle for the world. But social media are making it easier for us to be unprofessional.

Blurred lines

Social media as we know them today are only about a decade old and we are still seeing a boom in their use for professional purposes within our industry. They have given translators a new set of powers, but much like superheroes we need to decide whether to use those powers for good or for evil.

The problem is that we sometimes let our personal feelings affect our professional lives and then take it out on the keyboard. Passive-aggressiveness has sadly become the norm within online forums and a culture in which it is acceptable or even encouraged to attack our colleagues and clients has been fostered. Regrettably, it begs the question whether we are infringing professional ethics or the codes of conduct of any professional associations we may belong to (see the ITI Code of Conduct, for example – sections 1, 3.5, 3.6 and 5.4 in particular).

Shameless shaming

Social media have become a breeding ground for vigilantes. Rude, hateful language has become standard practice and swear words directed towards colleagues and clients aren’t given a second thought. It’s the modern day version of putting someone in the stocks and pelting them with rotten vegetables if they’re lucky, or burning them at the stake if they’re not.

Picture a doctor criticising his patient or a solicitor mocking her client online. This is practically unheard of in the most respected professions. And as the translation industry currently fights to be credited with the professional recognition that it deserves within society as a whole, unprofessional behaviour online amongst its members does a huge disservice to this and undoes the hard work of those campaigning for respect for our work.

A new generation of unprofessionals

When newcomers enter our industry, they observe the aggressive behaviour of established professionals and view it as the norm. Sucked in by this culture and those who spearhead it, they quickly become party to it in an effort to be accepted into the community; this is effectively training a new generation of hostile, cynical and defensive translators with a warped sense of conduct with colleagues and clients.

To say our industry has its problems would be an understatement: bottom feeders, non-payers, lack of understanding, scammers, the list goes on. Ranting, however, as previously pointed out by Corinne McKay (on her blog) and Andrew Morris (in his Book of Standing Out) serves no purpose. Other than an inflated ego, fifteen minutes of fame and the self-satisfaction from a few ‘Likes’. I don’t often quote Thatcher, but something she did say fits well here: “If you just set out to be liked, you will be prepared to compromise on anything at anytime, and would achieve nothing”.

Equally, self-pity does no good. And personal attacks are utterly out of line. Observe how you would never see some of our industry’s most recognised professionals, such as Nicole Y Adams, Tanya Quintieri and Chris Durban, who all voiced their support for Corinne’s article on this subject, being party to this behaviour.

The solution

No-one denies there are horrendous agencies, aggressive project managers, bad translators and evil scammers out there. And no-one should apologise for their internal animosity towards these and the emotions that accompany it. But we must be responsible in articulating our sentiments when faced with a problem.

From discussions with other professionals at the ITI Conference 2015, it is clear that the vast majority of translators are on the same page and agree there is no excuse for professionalism to be undermined in our industry. A change in mentality is severely overdue. The way we can go about this is not by suppressing problems, but by turning a problem into an opportunity:

  • Demanding clients are a good thing. They keep us on our toes and encourage us to challenge ourselves. None of us are in the profession for an easy ride;
  • Clients who won’t pay our rate or offer low rates are an opportunity for education. We should not waste it with patronising, smart alec answers. If they won’t listen, don’t work for them;
  • Clients who consistently don’t pay should be subjected to the formal procedures for recovering money owed. After a reasonable amount of time, it is appropriate to bring matters like these to the industry’s attention – albeit in a calm and professional manner – to inform colleagues and help them to avoid the mistake of working with that client;
  • Unsolicited emails from other translators, particularly those new to the industry,asking to work with you should be guided towards more appropriate channels of building up a client base. Otherwise, there’s always the ‘Delete’ button;
  • Criticism of our methods or ideas offer us a chance to challenge ourselves and promote healthy debate with our industry.

Not one of these issues has ever been solved with the anger, frustration and hostility that they are often been treated with. This leads to us becoming more closed-minded, distrustful, desperate, less ambitious and, ultimately, worse businesspeople. Some principles that should guide us when confronted with someone or something we don’t agree with are:

  • Assume good faith if faced with an undesirable scenario. Assume misguided views rather than malice. You will always be the bigger person;
  • Don’t take things personally. There’s no ‘I’ in translation community… there are two. The industry is bigger than a single person;
  • Don’t go in with all guns blazing. If there’s something that a client or colleague has done that still makes your blood boil, write an angry message… and then delete it;
  • Attack the argument, never the individual. Personal attacks are the epitome of unprofessionalism and any reasonable arguments immediately lose all validity once the sleeves are rolled up;
  • What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. What goes on between our clients – potential or long-standing – is between us as individuals and them… no-one else. Not only is publically slamming unprofessional, you also risk breaking any NDAs you may have signed with clients and any codes of conduct of professional associations that you are a member of;
  • Set an example to the next generations. New translators are sponges. They absorb everything their elders say and do. Lead by example;
  • Challenge those who conduct themselves unprofessionally. As Edmund Burke allegedly said: “All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing”.

We are all ambassadors of our industry and have a duty to represent it responsibly. We should not be victims waiting to be rescued from the bad people in our industry – that takes away the point of being a freelancer. Rather, our careers are in our own hands. Shouting over and blaming one another is for amateurs.

Great post, Lloyd! I agree with every word you said. Thank you so much for accepting my invitation and taking the time to write such fantastic content!

About the author
Lloyd Bingham_Profile PictureLloyd Bingham runs Capital Translations in Cardiff, UK, translating from French, German, Spanish and Dutch into English. He specialises in marketing and business and is also a qualified member of the ITI.
Known for speaking on translator and interpreter engagement in their industry, primarily through the medium of Twitter, Lloyd has also turned his attention to online professionalism following a palpable surge in client and colleague bashing on social media.

Guest post: How to find a translator (in Portuguese)

Hoje temos uma nova convidada na nossa série. Janaina Ribeiro é tradutora brasileira e mora no Brasil. O tópico dela é voltado para todos aqueles que buscam tradutores, mas não sabem por onde começar.

Bem-vinda, Janaina!

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Como encontrar um tradutor

Quando alguém precisa da tradução de um currículo, artigo, website, ou documento oficial em outra língua, nem sempre sabe como ou onde encontrar um tradutor. Será que deve ligar para aquele amigo que fez intercâmbio? Talvez pedir para a professora de inglês traduzir? Quanto custa uma tradução? Será que demora? Para quem nunca contratou serviços de tradução, as perguntas são inúmeras e as certezas poucas. Este é um miniguia para quem precisa de uma tradução e não sabe por onde começar.

Vamos lá!

Antes de começar a sua busca por um tradutor, é importante saber que cada profissional se especializa em um ou mais tipos de texto. Isso é importante no caso de o seu texto ser de uma área especializada. Tem o tradutor da área técnica, médica, jurídica, literária, de TI, marketing, e por aí vai. O motivo é simples: para traduzir um texto, é preciso conhecer bem a área, dominar os jargões e o estilo de escrita. Traduzir não é substituir a palavra A pela B em outra língua; é, na verdade, um processo de reescrita. Tradutores buscam transmitir o conteúdo de forma fiel, porém natural, em outra língua.

Então o primeiro passo é determinar o tipo de tradutor de que você precisa. Feito isso, precisa encontrá-lo.

Onde encontrar tradutores

  1. Recomendações

Peça uma indicação para amigos e colegas. A profissão não é regulamentada no Brasil, então a recomendação de um ex-cliente satisfeito é sempre uma boa forma de encontrar profissionais idôneos.

  1. Tradutores juramentados

Para a tradução de documentos oficiais (certidões, documentos escolares, etc.), você precisará de um Tradutor Público e Intérprete Comercial, também conhecido como tradutor juramentado. Procure o website da Junta Comercial do seu estado, quase todos terão a opção “tradutores”.

  1. Diretórios de associações profissionais

Há diversas associações de tradutores no Brasil e no mundo. A vantagem delas é que você pode filtrar pelo par de línguas e especialização, caso seja necessário. Abaixo listo as maiores:

No Brasil:

  • ABRATES – Associação Brasileira de Tradutores
  • SINTRA – Sindicato Nacional de Tradutores

Nos EUA:

  • ATA – Associação Americana de Tradutores

Na Europa:

  • ITI – Instituto de Tradução e Interpretação
  • IAPTI – Associação Internacional de Tradutores e Intérpretes Profissionais
  • CIOL – Chartered Institute of Linguists
  1. LinkedIn, Facebook e ProZ

Você pode encontrar tradutores fazendo uma pesquisa no LinkedIn, em grupos de tradutores no Facebook, ou no diretório internacional de tradutores ProZ.

Caso decida postar em um grupo no Facebook, lembre-se de incluir o assunto do texto e o par de línguas de que necessita (por exemplo: website de turismo / português>alemão). Lembre-se de que poderá receber um número alto de respostas, então pode ser uma boa ideia abrir uma conta de email só para isso.

  1. Busca no Google

Por último, você pode fazer uma busca no Google, lembrando de incluir a área (por exemplo: tradução jurídica). Neste caso, os resultados geralmente são de agências de tradução. Se você precisa da tradução de um documento para várias línguas, ou mesmo de um volume alto em pouco tempo, pode ser interessante contratar uma agência.

Para se certificar de que o tradutor que escolheu é confiável, cheque suas referências online. A maioria dos tradutores possui websites e perfis. Você pode também pedir amostras de trabalho. 

Encontrei meu tradutor, e agora?

Negociação de valores e prazos

Depois de encontrar um ou mais profissionais qualificados, vem a próxima etapa. Ele ou ela precisará ver seu texto para elaborar um orçamento. O valor é calculado em cima do número de palavras, laudas ou horas e varia de tradutor para tradutor em função da sua experiência e especialização. No caso da contratação de um tradutor no exterior, combine como o pagamento será feito (por exemplo, PayPal).

Atenção: uma lauda não é o mesmo que uma página. O tamanho dela varia de tradutor para tradutor, e cada um especificará o número de caracteres da sua lauda. Se não o fizer, você pode perguntar.

O prazo levará em conta o tamanho do documento e outros projetos em andamento. Uma dica importante é não deixar a tradução para a última hora. A produção média é de 2000 palavras por dia, mas esse número pode variar bastante, tanto para mais como para menos.

Posso passar meu texto no Google Translate para o tradutor apenas revisar?

Poder pode, desde que combine antes com o tradutor e ele ou ela esteja de acordo. O que não pode é enviar um texto em outra língua sem avisar que passou no Google Translate ou programa semelhante.

Infelizmente, pode não ser tão fácil encontrar um tradutor profissional que aceite essa proposta. Como o resultado dos programas de tradução automática precisa ser refeito e corrigido, o que pode tomar mais tempo, é mais fácil para o tradutor fazer a tradução do zero. Há também considerações importantes sobre o sigilo. Caso seja um documento de natureza confidencial, não é recomendável utilizar programas gratuitos na internet.

Como garantir a qualidade?

Você pode perguntar para o tradutor como ele garante a qualidade do próprio trabalho. Muitos trabalham em parceria com revisores, por exemplo, ou usam softwares que ajudam a minimizar possíveis erros. Selecionar alguém especializado no tipo de texto que você precisa traduzir já é meio caminho andado.

É importante informar ao tradutor quaisquer preferências de terminologia ou estilo antes do início do trabalho.

Só preciso traduzir meu currículo / uma carta / um e-mail. Posso pedir para aquele colega que morou fora?

Depende do seu objetivo e de quem vai ler. Se precisar traduzir o currículo para uma vaga de emprego no exterior, uma carta ou e-mail para prospecção de clientes estrangeiros – ou qualquer outro cenário em que uma tradução impecável contará pontos a seu favor –, recomenda-se contratar um tradutor.

Acho que a tradução tem erros. O que eu faço?

Destaque os termos ou passagens que achar errados e envie para o tradutor com as suas dúvidas. Se for apenas uma questão de preferência, e não um erro de tradução, destaque isso também. Muitas vezes achamos que alguma palavra ou construção de frase está errada em outra língua porque não a dominamos, então é importante verificar se é um erro, uma preferência ou nenhuma das alternativas. O tradutor saberá justificar suas escolhas ou fazer as alterações necessárias em caso de erro.

Minha tradução é para uma empresa ou instituição e preciso de nota fiscal.

Antes de aceitar um orçamento, informe ao tradutor que precisará de nota fiscal e qual tipo (nota fiscal de pessoa jurídica ou recibo de pagamento a autônomo). É importante conversar sobre isso antes de dar o “ok”.

É isso. Espero que essas dicas tenham sido úteis e que você tenha uma excelente experiência com o tradutor que escolher.

Muito obrigada, Janaina, por ter aceitado meu convite e preparado um texto tão interessante para o blog! 🙂

Sobre a autora
Janaina - profile picJanaina Ribeiro é tradutora do par de idiomas inglês-português há 7 anos, especializada em comunicação corporativa, relações públicas e marketing. Atuou como tradutora interna em uma das maiores empresas de comunicação e relações públicas do mundo e em projetos para clientes corporativos de vários setores. É membro da Associação Brasileira de Tradutores (ABRATES) e da American Translators Association (ATA). Ela mora em Campo Grande, MS, e pode ser encontrada em janainaribeiro.com.br.

Show your love for Carol’s Adventures in Translation

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EXTRA! EXTRA! There’s a competition in the air.

This is an extraordinary blog post to let you know that the Top 100 Language Lovers 2015 is on. It’s a competition organized by Lexiophiles and bab.la to find the 100 best language lovers, divided into five categories: Language Learning Blogs, Language Professional Blogs, Language Facebook Pages, Language Twitter Accounts and Language YouTube Channels.

Last year, I was ranked as #19 Top Language Twitterer thanks to people who helped by nominating me, and then voting for me on the second phase of the competition. I’d like to kindly ask your help nominating my Facebook page and/or my Twitter account, if you like any or all of them. As to the blog, I’ve just received the great news that it has already been automatically nominated! 😀

Here’s the link.

Information to be filled out:

Name: Caroline Alberoni
Email: caroline@alberoni.com.br
URL of Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/alberoni.translations
URL of Twitter account: twitter.com/AlberoniTrans

You need to indicate each category separately.

The nomination phase ends on May 24th.

THANK YOU!

Now let’s keep our fingers crossed. 😀

Neither a night owl nor an early riser

Missed me? I surely missed you all! Not one day goes by without me feeling guilty for not being so present on the blog. I will not excuse myself anymore. Something must be done! I’m already having some thoughts here as to how to revive my cherished blog and give it a fresh air. Meanwhile, please bear with me, since both my personal posts and the guest posts may be scarce.

However, today I found myself having an unexpected gap on my schedule, so I decided to write about a topic that was in my mind for a while.

You must have already read articles related to being a night owl or an early riser, right? All the discussions around being one or the other always intrigued me, because, you know, I always felt I was neither! Let me explain…

Night owls are people who enjoy working and doing any kind of activity, as the name says, at night. These people usually work all night long or prefer to work in the evening until late. Therefore, they hate waking up early or simply don’t wake up early because they need to sleep at some point.

Early risers, on the other hand, are the opposite. They enjoy waking up really early and are usually the most productive during the morning.

As for me, I completely despise having to wake up early. Waking up is my most difficult task of my day – especially now that winter is coming here in Brazil and it’s getting pretty chilly. My alarm clock goes off at 7:15 a.m. every single morning. Depending on my schedule for the day, I get up (not wake up, mind you) almost instantly. If it’s not that tight, I can postpone getting up up to one hour.

“So you’re a night owl! What’s the catch?”

The catch is I cannot function properly anymore after 6 p.m. And I say anymore because in my first year(s) I used to work almost non-stop, sleeping (when I slept) three to four hours at the most, so I worked until late at night. Nowadays, that’s impossible! I get really tired, cannot concentrate, my brain doesn’t work.

All in all, I usually work from 9 a.m. through 5 p.m., from Monday through Friday. Those are my business hours. And, yes, that is totally possible!

How about you? Are you a night owl or an early riser? Or neither, just like me? I look forward to hearing from you… 🙂