Guia de estilo: material de referência de leitura obrigatória

Olá, leitores! Surpresa! Hoje a publicação semanal (que está mais para mensal ultimamente) será em português. Aos que sentiram falta da nossa língua tupiniquim por aqui, aproveitem! 😉

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Os tradutores com mais experiência, principalmente os que trabalham com agências, sabem o que é um Guia de Estilo (ou pelo menos deveriam saber, né? :/). Àqueles que não sabem: um Guia de Estilo, como o próprio nome diz, é um guia que contém instruções e orientações sobre o estilo de determinado cliente, além de regras gramaticais e lexicais do idioma de chegada. Com o glossário, ele é parte do material de referência que os clientes fornecem às agências e/ou aos tradutores. O material de referência, também como o próprio nome diz, deve ser consultado antes de iniciar uma tradução, a fim de saber mais sobre os usos e as regras do cliente e aplicá-los corretamente na tradução.

Como tenho observado que muitos tradutores desconhecem algumas regras frequentes desses guias, meu objetivo hoje é abordar algumas orientações importantes que constam na maioria dos Guias de Estilo.

  1. Uso de letras maiúsculas/minúsculas
    A língua inglesa usa muito mais letras maiúsculas que a língua portuguesa. Em português, somente nomes de pessoas/lugares devem iniciar com letra maiúscula. Em uma frase ou título, somente a primeira letra da primeira palavra é maiúscula. O mesmo serve para comandos de softwares e caixas de diálogo (exceto em traduções para o Windows, que não deve ser usado como modelo para outros clientes). Nomes de cargos não começam com letra maiúscula.
    Depois de dois pontos (:), usa-se maiúscula depois de “Observação”, “Cuidado”, “Aviso”, etc.
  2. Pontuação
    Em inglês, usa-se muito o traço (—), ao contrário do português, que raramente usa esse tipo de pontuação. Ele é normalmente substituído por dois pontos (:) ou vírgula (,).
    As aspas simples (‘) só devem ser usadas quando precisar usar aspas dentro de uma frase que já está entre aspas (“Pressione ‘Salvar’ antes de prosseguir”).
    Evite o uso de frases completas entre parênteses, que é muito comum em inglês. Normalmente, a simples remoção dos parênteses é a melhor solução.
    Ao contrário da língua inglesa, a pontuação em português é inserida após o fechamento das aspas.
  3. Números
    Os números de 0 a 10, 100 e 1.000 são escritos por extenso. No entanto, quando houver uma mistura de formatos em uma mesma frase, usar somente o formato numérico. Se o número estiver no início da frase, ele deverá ser escrito por extenso.
  4. Unidades de medida
    As formas abreviadas das unidades de medida não têm flexão de plural, não são seguidas por ponto e são separadas do número por um espaço. Alguns exemplos: ºC (grau Celsius), l (litro), min (minuto), h (hora), s (segundo), kg (quilograma), km (quilômetro), pol. (polegada; exceção, pois é seguido por ponto).
  5. Valores monetários
    Deve haver um espaço entre o cifrão e o número (R$ 25 mil, US$ 50 milhões).
  6. Marcadores e numeração
    A numeração é normalmente usada para etapas sequenciais. A primeira letra de cada item é em letra maiúscula, e, se o item for uma frase completa, deve terminar com ponto final. Marcadores podem conter itens simples ou frases completas. No caso de itens simples, a primeira letra é minúscula e a pontuação final é o ponto e vírgula (;), exceto o último item, que deve terminar com ponto final. Já no caso de frases completas, vale a mesma regra da numeração. Dica: veja se os itens podem ser lidos como um todo ou se constituem frases separadas.
  7. Símbolos
    Substitua: “#” por “nº”; “&” por “e”; e “@” por “em/a” (quando não for parte de um endereço de e-mail, é claro).
  8. Calendário
    Abreviação consagrada dos dias da semana: SEG, TER, QUA, QUI, SEX e SÁB. Meses: JAN, FEV, MAR, ABR, MAI, JUN, JUL, AGO, SET, OUT, NOV e DEZ.
  9. Gerúndio
    Em títulos, o gerúndio, amplamente usado em inglês, é normalmente substituído por um substantivo (salva orientação contrária do projeto). Outra opção é usar “Como” + verbo no infinitivo.
  10. Verbos
    Como regra geral, em textos técnicos, evite ao máximo o uso de verbos no futuro, mesmo se a estrutura em inglês for essa. Use o presente.
    Atenção com a concordância em frases condicionais: “Se o tempo estiver bom no fim de semana, jogarei tênis” e “Sempre que o tempo permite, jogo tênis”.
  11. Sujeito
    Embora a língua portuguesa permita a emissão do sujeito de uma frase, somente faça isso se o verbo deixar claro a qual pessoa ele se refere. Por exemplo, “posso” se refere ao pronome “eu”. Nesse caso, a emissão do pronome pode ser até melhor, a fim de evitar redundância e deixar o texto mais fluido.
    Cuidado com a repetição excessiva de pronomes em uma frase. Tente limitá-la ao máximo. Se possível, utilize o pronome somente uma vez.
  12. Pronome possessivo
    Em textos técnicos, embora o original em inglês use o pronome possessivo, há casos em que é melhor usar um artigo em português. Por exemplo, “o computador” (your computer), “o navegador” (your browser).

O mundo da tradução não é um conto de fadas em que você sempre encontrará um texto original perfeito e sem erros. Na verdade, o contrário é muito mais frequente do que deveria. Portanto, além de saber as regras da língua portuguesa, também é necessário conhecer muito bem a língua inglesa, a fim de que o texto de partida não nos confunda.

Nosso trabalho não é apenas traduzir o significado do texto de origem como também fazê-lo de forma correta e fluida, independentemente da fluidez e adequação gramatical dele, a fim de produzir uma tradução com significado, mas também com beleza e de fácil leitura. Conhecer todas as regras gramaticais e de estilo não é fácil, requer tempo e muita atenção. No entanto, com o tempo, elas se tornam parte do seu conhecimento e o processo de aplicação, automático. Esse pode ser o seu diferencial entre tantos tradutores no mercado: atenção aos detalhes.

Guest post: Working with agencies

Welcome back to our guest post series! Our guest today is Alina Cincan, from Romania, but currently living in England. Alina is learning how to speak Brazilian Portuguese, can you believe it? And did you know Romanian is also a Romance language? So they are quite similar. 😉

Welcome, Alina! 🙂

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5 Steps to a Project Manager’s Heart

Standing out in a competitive market is a must, no matter the industry you work in. The translation industry is no exception, and it’s not just translation companies that need to stand out, but translators too, maybe even more so, especially if your language combination is not exactly rare.

Case in point: from our list of approved translators for English into German, we only work with a few of them regularly. Why? Because we LOVE them. Why we love them? See below.

For those translators who have not yet embarked on the anti-agency wagon and who like their agency clients, and want to forge a goodgreat relationship with the project managers, here are some tips.

1.     Make a good first impression

You know what they say: first impression counts. Make sure your first email shows your enthusiasm and willingness to work with them (by addressing the person not Dear Sir/Madam), as well as impeccable language skills (a sloppy and full of mistakes email will not look good). All it takes is a little bit of research (the About section of their website, LinkedIn, social media) to find out a few things about the agency and person you want to talk to. Proofreading before hitting Send also helps, of course.

2.     Respond quickly

One of my favourite translators replies within minutes. This is not always possible and sometimes it may even hurt your productivity. But there are ways to make this possible. For those who are not at their computer all the time (or checking their email regularly) and cannot give an answer as to whether they are available for a particular project, a short email explaining when you’ll be able to have a look and give an answer will do. Especially when the agency is not one to send a mass email and select the first translator to answer (we at Inbox don’t), meaning they want you to work on that project and any delay in replying is a delay for the project. If you are busy, a short line saying so as soon as possible makes all the difference. Automatic emails are another option too.

3.     Respect deadlines

Pretty obvious, right? While we try to ‘educate’ (I’m not exactly fond of this term in this context) the end client about what constitutes a suitable time frame, sometimes urgent projects (or with not the most generous deadlines) do land in our inbox and ultimately in the translator’s. So, once a deadline has been mutually agreed, it should be adhered to. Sure, if there’s an earthquake, volcano eruption or some other natural disaster, no one would blame you for not sticking to them. Otherwise, if you encounter technical problems (we all have, I’m sure) or are going to deliver later than agreed (for various reasons), let your PM know as soon as possible. Depending on the project, a new translator may need to take over or, in most cases, the deadline extended.

4.     Communicate effectively

Sometimes the source texts we have to work with as translators are not exactly the great literary pieces we’d love taking apart and putting back together in another language. It may be about typos or grammar mistakes, or maybe ambiguous sentences. When it comes to the latter, don’t just assume what it may mean, let the PM know (especially if they’ve been working with that particular client for a while, they may be familiar with what the client expects or style guides etc.); if they cannot help clarify the meaning, they can pass your questions on to the client. Of course, pointing out mistakes or suggesting improvements will always raise your profile in a PM’s eyes (and heart). Another important aspect here is to ask the questions before starting the translation or when you come across an issue while working on the project, not after you’ve delivered the translation, which will mean going back and forth with amended files.

5.     Learn to say ‘No’

If direct clients may take this as rejection, a good agency should understand when you cannot take on a project (whether it’s not exactly a topic you are familiar with or have a very busy schedule which doesn’t allow you to accommodate a particular project) and, moreover, they should be thankful. They will appreciate a translator who only accepts a project if they can do a great job. So, don’t be afraid to say no.

Thank you, Alina, for accepting my invitation and kindly taking the time to write such an interesting and helpful article. I’m sure our readers will appreciate it as much as I did. I also agree with every single point you made. I’m a fully believer that a primeira impressão é a que fica (as we say in Portuguese), that’s why dressing adequately, having a polite behavior, writing properly, having professional profile pics, among others, are fundamental. I’m also a huge advocate of responding quickly to messages in general, but specially emails. I get instant notifications of incoming emails and whenever possible I immediately respond to them, and I appreciate when people do the same. Although obvious, #3 is a huge issue, right? How come people simply do not respect deadlines and not even bother to communicate the agency? Well, that’s it, otherwise, I’ll write another post myself.

How about you, readers, do you have any comments to add? Do you agree or disagree with any points made by Alina?

About the author
inbox-translation-alina-cincanAlina Cincan is a former teacher, translator and interpreter with over 10 years’ experience, now Managing Director at Inbox Translation. She is a language geek who likes to keep up to date with what’s happening in the industry. When Alina is not writing on her own blog, she is writing on other people’s. You can get in touch on TwitterFacebookGoogle+ and LinkedIn.

Guest post: Common misconceptions about translators

Welcome back to our guest series! If you are from Brazil, you must be enjoying our Carnival holiday somehow. How about relaxing and reading the contribution of today’s guest? If you’re not enjoying it in Rio or in Salvador, that is, in which case you must have more interesting things to do. I don’t blame you. Just bookmark it for later. 😉

Our guest today is Emeline Jamoul, a translator from Belgium.

Welcome, Emeline!

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Reclaiming the truth about our profession

It’s a universal truth that freelance translators are misunderstood creatures. Yes, translators have been around for thousands of years and we are probably doing one of the oldest jobs on earth, but that doesn’t mean that people are aware of our existence and purpose. If you’ve ever told someone what your job was, I’m sure you have faced a couple of answers worth their weight in gold. People always assume certain things about your career choices: either you are working as a freelancer because you are scared of the real world (hey, we have responsibilities too!) or because you happen to be bilingual.

I have been a freelance translator for 1 year and a half now, and in 18 months, the number of ridiculous comments I have heard regarding my job has done nothing but increase. Here are some of them, which I’m sure most of you must have heard too!

  1. We only translate novels
    To the eyes of common people, translators can only translate one type of material: novels. When I went to my doctor’s office last year, she asked me what I was doing now that I had graduated. When I told her I had become a freelance translator, she looked at me in awe and asked which novels I had translated. I had to disappoint her though – most translators don’t have the luxury to translate literature on a day-to-day basis even if that’s the dream of many!
  2. Translators and interpreters are the same thing
    We all cringe when we hear that someone is looking for a professional to “translate” one of their meetings. Blasphemy!
  3. “Okay but… what is your real job?”
    Because of course, working from home (in our PJs) is too good to be true. 🙂
  4. “You’ll only translate user guides.”
    One of my high school teachers told me that one. I still remember that day in class when we were all asked what we wanted to become when we were grown-ups – I was hesitating between journalist, translator or teacher. You can all imagine how naïve I must have been at the age of 13 – gullible enough to believe her when she told me that I would either translate user guides for the rest of my life or…
  5. “Work at the European Union”
    But this of course, was the job of a very select few. Okay, I’ll admit that she wasn’t too far from the truth on this one. But what about translating marketing documents? What about interpreting in hospitals? And translating international contracts? There is more to translating than user manuals and interpreting European affairs!
  6. “Working from home is really not the same as working in an office.” (to be read that with a condescending tone)
    No, in fact, it is much better. 🙂

And the list goes on and on. But what can we do about these common misconceptions about our job? If you look at the comments I have listed here, all of them stem from the same problem: ignorance about our profession. It is also our responsibilities to raise awareness about what it is really like to work as a freelance translator.

We should remind ourselves that many people are actually curious about what we do, and that it’s not so bad. Whenever I see question marks on my interlocutor’s faces, I make a point of elaborating, instead of saying “I just translate English texts into French.” I’m usually asked what and who I translate for, which clearly shows that most people don’t have any idea how and why translation is used. What better opportunity than to give a good (and accurate) first impression of our wonderful profession?

What about you, dear readers, which type of comments regarding your job have you faced so far?

Thank you for your kindly contribution to our blog, Emeline! 🙂 It’s a pleasure to host you here.

People indeed don’t quite understand what we do. They don’t understand the translation part neither the freelance part. It’s quite difficult to try to make them believe we don’t actually work on our PJs (I tried last Saturday to family – who should already be used to it – but it didn’t work). :/

About the author
portraitsmallerEmeline Jamoul is a passionate English and Spanish into French translator. She mainly specializes in marketing, business and health. A self-confessed multitasker, Emeline is addicted to social media and has a soft post for African-American literature. You can contact her through her website or on Twitter.

Guest post: Test translations

Aaaand we’re finally back with our guest posts! 😀 Who missed them? I did! But let’s look on the bright side, at least you had a two-week vacation from us. lol

Hope you like today’s guest, Olga Arakelyan, from Russia.

Welcome, Olga!

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Are test translations always evil? What can they teach startup translators?

Those who remember my story probably know that when I came into the freelance world, I already had some experience in interpreting and in translation. But I had mainly done interpreting work before. Now, as you know, interpreting and translation are very different from each other, requiring a totally different set of skills. Yes, I have a good memory, so I don’t have a problem remembering how I translated this or that term and thus maintaining consistency of my translations even without using CAT tools. But consistency is definitely not the only challenging task in translation as even the smallest details are important here.

That’s what I didn’t know when I started working as a translator. Now when I remember my first tests (I was pretty confident about my skills, so I sent out CVs and sample translations everywhere) the only thing I feel is shame… Good thing I realized that my offers were turned down by companies for a reason. So I started learning from experienced colleagues, subscribed to their blogs, studied translation samples shared by other translators on the Internet etc. All of this helped me to become a better professional, so now I don’t have a problem with clients turning down my offers because of bad test translations. Although in our profession we must never stop growing. There is always place for more growth and more professional development.

Why am I sharing all this? Here’s why. Throughout my freelance career I read tons of articles about test translations being evil. Translators say that after they send their work to an agency or a direct client they never hear back from them.

Note: this article is not about experienced colleagues whose translations are so good that they are close to impeccable. By the way, those colleagues usually get pretty fast responses to their messages, and they aren’t asked to do a test (or those requests are rare). I am writing for startup translators who don’t understand why they are being ignored after they send their work having done their best. I assure you that it doesn’t necessarily happen because agencies or companies are evil. Perhaps my personal experience will help you to look at the process from a different perspective.

I have been working as a staff editor in a boutique agency for a few months now. And there was a period when we had so much work from our regular clients that we had to look for new translators. And here’s what happened when we asked freelancers to do a test for us.

We got a lot of responses. The tests went straight to my inbox as I was supposed to assess them. At first I responded promptly to all emails. But then as the stream of messages grew, I realized I would need a secretary in order to reply to all letters. After all, I also had to do my regular work. That was the first time I remembered my disappointment as a startup freelance translator when I got no immediate response from agencies. It can happen not because people working in those agencies are bad and don’t care about you. Maybe they are just very busy, sleeping no more than 4 hours a day trying to do their regular job, plus checking the tests. They are thankful for your message and for your test, and they will read and assess it by all means. But they have so much work that they can’t possibly reply to everybody.

But that’s not all. Checking those test translations turned to be a good patience lesson. Actually, the mistakes that I saw over and over again in tests written by different people motivated me to write this post. Here are a few tips from me as an editor and reviewer. I hope they will help my startup colleagues to get positive replies more often.

  1. Don’t forget to not just check your translations by yourself, manually, but also by means of special programs. At least by Microsoft Word spellchecker, or by any other tools that you have. It’s surprising how many beginning translators don’t do that, totally relying on themselves.
  2. If you do not use CAT-tools it’s ok! But if you chose to overwrite the source text with the translation, please don’t forget to delete the source text. It’s weird to read sentences beginning with the first letters of the original text.
  3. After you have finished your test and have proofread everything, the best thing you can do is leave your desk at least for a few minutes in order to have a cup of tea or go for a walk. When you come back to the same text with a fresh mind you will notice some more things that need to be corrected. Besides, it will help you to notice typos that Microsoft Word spellchecker missed.
  4. Please don’t stop at the “Ah, they will understand me anyway” level of tranlsation. Edit your work until there’s nothing or almost nothing you don’t like about it.

So those are some of my thoughts based on a few (dozens of) tests by startup translators.

However, it wouldn’t be fair to stop here. I have to mention scammers who also love test translations. You know why? Because they think a test is a perfect way to get professional services for free. So here are my tips that will (hopefully) help you stay safe.

  1. Always google your prospective direct client or translation agency and see what other people say about them.
  2. The test shouldn’t be very big. For instance, I don’t do test bigger than 250 words. There’s obviously something wrong with a test translation several pages long.
  3. Urgency is another red flag. If a test is needed solely for the purpose of assessing your skills, then why is it supposed to be done urgently? I would definitely pay attention to it. Although, sometimes companies search for translators for a specific project and they need your test before the project starts. For those clients it’s important to get your test on time, so they do set deadlines. But in those cases I normally receive some kind of an explanation why the test is supposed to be ready by a specific date.
  4. A test that is obviously a part of a bigger file looks the most suspicious. I received those tests several times in my career and every time it turned out to be a scam. People give different pieces of text to several translators hoping that each translator will do their “test”, and in the end they will get the whole text done for free! So we do need to be careful and stay away from all suspicious offers.

So be careful and I wish you good luck in your freelance translation! By the way, there is a mistake in the text. Have you noticed it?

Thanks a lot for your kind contribution to our blog, Olga! It was a real pleasure to host you here, after you having hosted me so kindly on your blog. 🙂

Any comments?

About the author
Olga_profile-pic_2Olga Arakelyan is a professional freelance translator and a certified ESL teacher. She translates from English and German into Russian and specializes mainly in marketing, music, tourism, and education. Olga recently left the freelance world and is now managing Translators’ Training Courses at Alba Longa translation company, Saint Petersburg, Russia. You can find her on Twitter @Olenkaarakelyan, visit her English blog or, if you prefer reading in Russian, she’d be happy to see you in her Russian blog.

Do not try to reinvent the wheel

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Ow, boy! I know it’s getting pretty common and sounding like lame excuses, but I am so sorry for the absence lately! To make matters worse, even the guest posts are not working as usual. 😦 This beginning of the year is on fire!

Yes, yes, I know, I’m not complaining at all. Actually, it’s completely the opposite, I’m really excited with all the new projects and clients and contacts coming up, all the new things happening… On the other hand, though, I feel really sad not having enough time for the blog. I love this contact with you, my readers. You know, one of my new year’s resolutions was to separate a dedicated time for social media and for the blog, so this wouldn’t happen. I’m glad with my resolutions so far, but I’m failing on this one. I do have to dedicate some thinking and time to working on it. And I will. As to the guest posts, they will definitely return next Tuesday to their normal routine. A couple of the guests had some problems (as you can see, I’m not the only one) and we had to postpone their publishing dates.

Hey, but I do have some great news! We’re making the rounds here! Some great people are mentioning the blog around and we’re getting noticed. Isn’t this great? You should know this is really fantastic! All this love you all share for the blog just makes me keep going, and that’s exactly why I hate letting you down and not posting anything.

Well, moving on to today’s topic, I want to share some thoughts I had yesterday regarding something that happened between a dear client and me. They started working with a new account with better deadlines, but worse rates (I think you may know where this will head, right?), but requiring high quality (oh, really?). Therefore, they told me they couldn’t count on me to do the translation, because I charge high rates (which are not high at all, FYI), but wanted me on board to be the editor, since they were aware of the quality service I provide. Fine. First of all, a glossary with dozens of words. Quick and simple – if the translator had helped, that is. To give you some context, the translation is IT related – this is my area of expertise. Well, our colleague the translator decided he wanted to revolutionize the IT and translated every single term, according to him, “avoiding Anglicism”. I don’t know how it works on other languages, but in Brazilian Portuguese, a lot of words remain in English, it’s already widely-used like that by many well-known IT companies. Well, I corrected most of his choices to what is commonly used in the IT segment. The problem is the translator did not agree with them, and told us, and here I quote, he “wanted to be more inventive”. Also according to him, “that’s the first step to achieve superior quality”.

Well, I won’t go on telling every single word he used to reply to my corrections. The thing here is, unless you translate for the literary sector, you are not free to translate however you desire. It doesn’t matter what you think about something – your opinion is of no value when dealing with technical translations. You need to follow what is used in the sector – and the client’s preferences. All the big boys in IT have already decided what is translated and what is not. If you try to translate mouse using a Brazilian Portuguese word people will not recognize what you’re talking about, right? So why revolutionize?

Quality is not about reinventing the wheel, but following guidelines and rules, using the target language correctly and being fluent, transforming the source into a text that doesn’t sound like a translation.

In Brazil, we usually say someone is trying to show they are working hard (mostrar trabalho), but it does not necessarily mean the person is working or doing the right thing. Therefore, do not try to show you’re a good translator, just translate the best you can, and the rest will work for itself. 😉

Note: I asked out of the project, because I anticipated long hours of arguments with the translator, and that is certainly totally pointless, in my point of view.

Since we’re sharing client stories today, how about you sharing one of yours?